Coupled physical-biological ocean models can be used to investigate the processes that lead to observed biological activity. In this talk, a model of the upwelling off Concepcion, central Chile, demonstrates the physical and biological processes that lead to its extraordinary productivity. A model of the pelagic ecoystem off NSW is contrasted with the Chilean study and shows the importance of prodominantly physical processes in driving productivity.

 

Finally, a view of the future for biological oceanographic modelling studies is given.